Linux硬件信息命令大全

Linux大全评论590 views阅读模式

硬件信息

在linux系统中，有很多命令可以用于查询主机的硬件信息，有些命令仅仅针对于特定的硬件部件，比如cpu，内存等，而有些命令可以查询很多的硬件信息。

这篇帖子简单地带大家了解一下最常用的查询各种硬件信息的命令，其中包括lscpu,hwinfo,lshw,dmidecode,lspci等等。

1. lscpu

lscpu命令可以用来查询处理器cpu的详细信息，只需要简单地输入lscpu即可，如下所示，它本身也没有提供更多选项和功能可供选择。

  1. $ lscpu
  2. Architecture: x86_64
  3. CPU op-mode(s):32-bit,64-bit
  4. ByteOrder:LittleEndian
  5. CPU(s):4
  6. On-line CPU(s) list:0-3
  7. Thread(s) per core:1
  8. Core(s) per socket:4
  9. Socket(s):1
  10. NUMA node(s):1
  11. Vendor ID:GenuineIntel
  12. CPU family:6
  13. Model:23
  14. Stepping:10
  15. CPU MHz:1998.000
  16. BogoMIPS:5302.48
  17. Virtualization: VT-x
  18. L1d cache:32K
  19. L1i cache:32K
  20. L2 cache:2048K
  21. NUMA node0 CPU(s):0-3

2. lshw - 显示硬件信息列表

这个命令用途广泛，它可以根据你的需求以详细或概要的形式列出许多个不同硬件的参数信息，其中包括cpu，内存，磁盘，usb控制器，网卡等等，lshw实质上是从/proc文件目录下的不同文件中提取对应的硬件信息。

  1. $ sudo lshw -short
  2. H/W path DeviceClassDescription
  3. ===================================================
  4. system ()
  5. /0 bus DG35EC
  6. /0/0 processor Intel(R)Core(TM)2Quad CPU Q8400 @2.66GHz
  7. /0/0/1 memory 2MiB L2 cache
  8. /0/0/3 memory 32KiB L1 cache
  9. /0/2 memory 32KiB L1 cache
  10. /0/4 memory 64KiB BIOS
  11. /0/14 memory 8GiBSystemMemory
  12. /0/14/0 memory 2GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous667MHz(1.5 ns)
  13. /0/14/1 memory 2GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous667MHz(1.5 ns)
  14. /0/14/2 memory 2GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous667MHz(1.5 ns)
  15. /0/14/3 memory 2GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous667MHz(1.5 ns)
  16. /0/100 bridge 82G35Express DRAM Controller
  17. /0/100/2 display 82G35ExpressIntegratedGraphicsController
  18. /0/100/2.1 display 82G35ExpressIntegratedGraphicsController
  19. /0/100/19 eth0 network 82566DCGigabitNetworkConnection
  20. /0/100/1a bus 82801H(ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller#4
  21. /0/100/1a.1 bus 82801H(ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller#5
  22. /0/100/1a.7 bus 82801H(ICH8 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller#2
  23. /0/100/1b multimedia 82801H(ICH8 Family) HD AudioController
  24. /0/100/1c bridge 82801H(ICH8 Family) PCI ExpressPort1
  25. /0/100/1c.1 bridge 82801H(ICH8 Family) PCI ExpressPort2
  26. /0/100/1c.2 bridge 82801H(ICH8 Family) PCI ExpressPort3
  27. /0/100/1c.2/0 storage JMB368 IDE controller
  28. /0/100/1d bus 82801H(ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller#1
  29. /0/100/1d.1 bus 82801H(ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller#2
  30. /0/100/1d.2 bus 82801H(ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller#3
  31. /0/100/1d.7 bus 82801H(ICH8 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller#1
  32. /0/100/1e bridge 82801 PCI Bridge
  33. /0/100/1e/5 bus FW322/323[TrueFire]1394aController
  34. /0/100/1f bridge 82801HB/HR (ICH8/R) LPC InterfaceController
  35. /0/100/1f.2 storage 82801H(ICH8 Family)4 port SATA Controller[IDE mode]
  36. /0/100/1f.3 bus 82801H(ICH8 Family)SMBusController
  37. /0/100/1f.5 storage 82801HR/HO/HH (ICH8R/DO/DH)2 port SATA Controller[IDE m
  38. /0/1 scsi3 storage
  39. /0/1/0.0.0/dev/sda disk 500GB ST3500418AS
  40. /0/1/0.0.0/1/dev/sda1 volume 70GiBWindows NTFS volume
  41. /0/1/0.0.0/2/dev/sda2 volume 395GiBExtended partition
  42. /0/1/0.0.0/2/5/dev/sda5 volume 97GiB HPFS/NTFS partition
  43. /0/1/0.0.0/2/6/dev/sda6 volume 97GiBLinux filesystem partition
  44. /0/1/0.0.0/2/7/dev/sda7 volume 1952MiBLinux swap /Solaris partition
  45. /0/1/0.0.0/2/8/dev/sda8 volume 198GiBLinux filesystem partition
  46. /0/3 scsi4 storage
  47. /0/3/0.0.0/dev/cdrom disk DVD RW DRU-190A

点击下面的帖子，可以对lshw有更多的了解。

在Linux上使用lshw命令获取硬件信息

3. hwinfo - Hardware Information

hwinfo同样是一个使用非常广泛的硬件信息查询命令，类似于lshw，它同样可以详细或概要地报告多个部件的硬件信息，但不同的是，它有时可以给出比lshw更多的信息。

  1. $ hwinfo --short
  2. cpu:
  3. Intel(R)Core(TM)2Quad CPU Q8400 @2.66GHz,2000MHz
  4. Intel(R)Core(TM)2Quad CPU Q8400 @2.66GHz,2000MHz
  5. Intel(R)Core(TM)2Quad CPU Q8400 @2.66GHz,2666MHz
  6. Intel(R)Core(TM)2Quad CPU Q8400 @2.66GHz,2666MHz
  7. keyboard:
  8. /dev/input/event2 AT TranslatedSet2 keyboard
  9. mouse:
  10. /dev/input/mice MicrosoftBasicOpticalMouse v2.0
  11. graphics card:
  12. Intel965G-1
  13. Intel82G35ExpressIntegratedGraphicsController
  14. sound:
  15. Intel82801H(ICH8 Family) HD AudioController
  16. storage:
  17. Intel82801H(ICH8 Family)4 port SATA IDE Controller
  18. Intel82801H(ICH8 Family)2 port SATA IDE Controller
  19. JMicron JMB368 IDE controller
  20. network:
  21. eth0 Intel82566DCGigabitNetworkConnection
  22. network interface:
  23. eth0 Ethernet network interface
  24. lo Loopback network interface
  25. disk:
  26. /dev/sda ST3500418AS
  27. partition:
  28. /dev/sda1 Partition
  29. /dev/sda2 Partition
  30. /dev/sda5 Partition
  31. /dev/sda6 Partition
  32. /dev/sda7 Partition
  33. /dev/sda8 Partition
  34. cdrom:
  35. /dev/sr0 SONY DVD RW DRU-190A
  36. usb controller:
  37. Intel82801H(ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller#4
  38. Intel82801H(ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller#5
  39. Intel82801H(ICH8 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller#2
  40. Intel82801H(ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller#1
  41. Intel82801H(ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller#2
  42. Intel82801H(ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller#3
  43. Intel82801H(ICH8 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller#1
  44. bios:
  45. BIOS
  46. ... TRUNCATED ...

点击下面的链接可以查看更多关于hwinfo的信息。

在Linux上使用hwinfo命令获取硬件信息

4. lspci - 显示pci总线相关信息

lscpi命令可以列出pci总线上信息，以及所有连接到pci总线上的设备信息，比如VGA适配器，显卡，网卡，usb端口，sata控制器等等。

  1. $ lspci
  2. 00:00.0Host bridge:IntelCorporation82G35Express DRAM Controller(rev 03)
  3. 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller:IntelCorporation82G35ExpressIntegratedGraphicsController(rev 03)
  4. 00:02.1Display controller:IntelCorporation82G35ExpressIntegratedGraphicsController(rev 03)
  5. 00:19.0Ethernet controller:IntelCorporation82566DCGigabitNetworkConnection(rev 02)
  6. 00:1a.0 USB controller:IntelCorporation82801H(ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller#4 (rev 02)
  7. 00:1a.1 USB controller:IntelCorporation82801H(ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller#5 (rev 02)
  8. 00:1a.7 USB controller:IntelCorporation82801H(ICH8 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller#2 (rev 02)
  9. 00:1b.0Audio device:IntelCorporation82801H(ICH8 Family) HD AudioController(rev 02)
  10. 00:1c.0 PCI bridge:IntelCorporation82801H(ICH8 Family) PCI ExpressPort1(rev 02)
  11. 00:1c.1 PCI bridge:IntelCorporation82801H(ICH8 Family) PCI ExpressPort2(rev 02)
  12. 00:1c.2 PCI bridge:IntelCorporation82801H(ICH8 Family) PCI ExpressPort3(rev 02)
  13. 00:1d.0 USB controller:IntelCorporation82801H(ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller#1 (rev 02)
  14. 00:1d.1 USB controller:IntelCorporation82801H(ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller#2 (rev 02)
  15. 00:1d.2 USB controller:IntelCorporation82801H(ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller#3 (rev 02)
  16. 00:1d.7 USB controller:IntelCorporation82801H(ICH8 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller#1 (rev 02)
  17. 00:1e.0 PCI bridge:IntelCorporation82801 PCI Bridge(rev f2)
  18. 00:1f.0 ISA bridge:IntelCorporation82801HB/HR (ICH8/R) LPC InterfaceController(rev 02)
  19. 00:1f.2 IDE interface:IntelCorporation82801H(ICH8 Family)4 port SATA Controller[IDE mode](rev 02)
  20. 00:1f.3SMBus:IntelCorporation82801H(ICH8 Family)SMBusController(rev 02)
  21. 00:1f.5 IDE interface:IntelCorporation82801HR/HO/HH (ICH8R/DO/DH)2 port SATA Controller[IDE mode](rev 02)
  22. 03:00.0 IDE interface:JMicronTechnologyCorp. JMB368 IDE controller
  23. 04:05.0FireWire(IEEE 1394): LSI Corporation FW322/323[TrueFire]1394aController(rev 70)

可以使用grep命令筛选出特定的设备信息。

  1. $ lspci -v | grep "VGA"-A 12

5. lsscsi - 列出scsi设备信息

列出scsi/sata设备信息，比如硬盘驱动器，光盘驱动器。

  1. $ lsscsi
  2. [3:0:0:0] disk ATA ST3500418AS CC38 /dev/sda
  3. [4:0:0:0] cd/dvd SONY DVD RW DRU-190A1.63/dev/sr0

6. lsusb - 列出usb总线信息，及设备信息

该命令可以显示USB控制器及连接到控制的设备信息。默认情况下，只显示概要信息，可以通过-v选项指示其显示更多的硬件信息。

  1. $ lsusb
  2. Bus002Device001: ID 1d6b:0002LinuxFoundation2.0 root hub
  3. Bus007Device001: ID 1d6b:0001LinuxFoundation1.1 root hub
  4. Bus006Device001: ID 1d6b:0001LinuxFoundation1.1 root hub
  5. Bus005Device002: ID 045e:00cbMicrosoftCorp.BasicOpticalMouse v2.0
  6. Bus005Device001: ID 1d6b:0001LinuxFoundation1.1 root hub
  7. Bus001Device001: ID 1d6b:0002LinuxFoundation2.0 root hub
  8. Bus004Device001: ID 1d6b:0001LinuxFoundation1.1 root hub
  9. Bus003Device001: ID 1d6b:0001LinuxFoundation1.1 root hub

上面信息显示，在该系统中，有一个usb端口正被鼠标占用。

7. Inxi

inxi命令是一个大的bash脚本文件，其通过从不同的信息来源和命令中获取硬件信息，最后能给出一个颜色高亮的，适合于非专业人员阅读的硬件信息报告。

  1. $ inxi -Fx

8. lsblk - 列出块设备信息

  1. $ lsblk
  2. NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
  3. sda 8:00465.8G0 disk
  4. ├─sda1 8:1070G0 part
  5. ├─sda2 8:201K0 part
  6. ├─sda5 8:5097.7G0 part /media/4668484A68483B47
  7. ├─sda6 8:6097.7G0 part /
  8. ├─sda7 8:701.9G0 part [SWAP]
  9. └─sda8 8:80198.5G0 part /media/13f35f59-f023-4d98-b06f-9dfaebefd6c1
  10. sr0 11:011024M0 rom

企鹅博客
  • 本文由 发表于 2020年5月28日 03:02:51
  • 转载请务必保留本文链接：https://www.qieseo.com/221680.html

发表评论